MOBILE FORENSICS

Timestamps and metadata on Android

Timestamps and metadata are among the most important technical sources of information in an Android forensic investigation. They enable events to be placed in a chronological context and help to reconstruct technical sequences in a way that can be traced.

File system timestamp (MACB)
SQLite databases
XML and configuration files
Media metadata (EXIF)
App-specific time details
Synchronisation times
Unix Epoch and other time formats
Time zone information

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Technical Fundamentals

Android stores time-related information in various formats and in different locations within the system.

Sources relevant to forensic investigations include, amongst others:

  • File system timestamp (MACB)
  • SQLite databases
  • XML and configuration files
  • Media metadata (EXIF)
  • App-specific time details
  • Synchronisation times
  • Unix Epoch and other time formats
  • Time zone information

Depending on the app and the version of Android, timestamps may be stored and interpreted differently.

OUR APPROACH

This is how your examination will be carried out

A transparent process – from the initial enquiry to the handover of the report.

1
Time-related information is extracted from various data sources, compared with one another and assessed within the overall technical context. File systems, databases and metadata are analysed using recognised IT forensic tools as well as manually. All stages of the investigation are documented in a reproducible manner.
2
LanCologne produces expert reports for private individuals, as well as for companies and solicitors. Our reports have already been used in court proceedings. In some cases, we have been directly commissioned to produce IT forensic reports. Upon request, we can provide anonymised or redacted sample reports or extracts.

TYPICAL QUESTIONS

When is this analysis required?

  • When was a file created or modified?
  • Which timestamps are reliable?
  • Which time zone was used?
  • Do the time details for different artefacts match?
  • What technical conclusions can be drawn?

LIMITATIONS & CONCLUSION

What you should know

Timestamps may be affected by synchronisations, system changes, imports, App-Updates or user input. They are therefore never assessed in isolation, but are always cross-checked against other artefacts.

Timestamps and metadata form the basis for reliable chronological reconstructions. Only by combining several independent data sources is it possible to carry out a sound forensic assessment.

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Would you like to have the timestamps and metadata from an Android device professionally analysed? LanCologne can assist you with an objective IT forensic analysis and comprehensive expert documentation.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Frequently Asked Questions

Click on a question to see the answer.

What are MACB timestamps?

Time-related information regarding the creation, modification, access and metadata changes to a file.

Do all apps save timestamps in the same way?

No. The format and file location vary depending on the application.

What role do time zones play?

They are crucial for the correct interpretation of time details.

Is metadata always immutable?

No. They may be influenced or altered depending on the data source.

Could an expert report be drawn up on this matter?

Yes. The results are documented in a transparent manner and assessed from a technical perspective.