MOBILE FORENSICS

WAL and SHM Analysis – Unassuming files of great significance to IT forensics

Forensic analysis
Documentation admissible in court
GDPR-compliant processing
Experienced experts

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Technical Fundamentals

Many modern apps use SQLite. Messaging apps often store their data in one or more SQLite databases. If these databases are running in WAL mode, the WAL file may contain additional information that had not yet been transferred to the actual database at the time the backup was taken. For this reason, in a professional IT forensic investigation – where available – the main database, WAL file and SHM file are always examined together.

TYPICAL QUESTIONS

When is this analysis required?

LIMITATIONS & CONCLUSION

What you should know

Not every WAL or SHM file contains additional information relevant to forensic analysis – whether such data is present, and if so what kind, depends on the time of the backup and the usage patterns of the app in question. However, if these files are overlooked or backed up without the associated main database, important information may be irretrievably lost. For this reason, we always examine WAL and SHM files in conjunction with other artefacts and document in a transparent manner what information can actually be derived from them.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Frequently Asked Questions

Click on a question to see the answer.

Is it possible to recover deleted messages from a WAL file?

Not generally speaking. Depending on the individual case, additional information may be available – but there is no guarantee.

Should you back up WAL and SHM files?

Yes. From a forensic perspective, they should be backed up together with the SQLite database.

Why do so many non-experts only look at the database?

Because WAL and SHM files are often unfamiliar or mistakenly regarded as insignificant temporary files.

Are WAL and SHM files alone sufficient for an expert report?

No. They are only one part of the overall assessment and are always analysed alongside other artefacts.